Shaft alignment laser measuring resolution down to 0. Pdf a laser shaft alignment by ipspsds for rotary machine. With a focus on the core alignment tasks, the tksa 11 is designed to be a very easytouse instrument that is especially suitable for alignment learners and compact applications. Alignment report hung seng huat engineering product co.
The bent shaft affects alignment process by showing improper reading. If a manufacturer of a machine or coupling require tighter alignment tolerances, those should be used. Shaftalign os3 is easily extendable through the activation of powerful options as the alignment requirements grow. Pdf laseroptical alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more. Hydroelectric turbinegenerator units guide for erection.
It contains specific tolerances, factors affecting alignment, and an overview of various measurement methods, following the core technical components of measure, analyze, correct, and document. The alignment of shaft with the bearing and housing, which is a manufacturing tolerance stackup of the bearing parts and the housing bores and faces. Reference tables lawrence berkeley national laboratory. Machinery alignment tolerance tables the suggested alignment tolerances shown here are general values based upon experience and general industry standards and should not be exceeded. Yes, the shaft coupling to transmission coupling needs to fit within several thousandths, but what were talking here is the coupling fit, not the shaft alignment. Shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. In addition to providing guidance on shaft alignment tolerances, the standard describes methodology applicable to manual and laser measurements. Achieving proper alignment, however, involves much more than merely adjustment the machines so that the shafts are coaxial. Produce pdf reports directly from the display unit and save to usb. Proper shaft alignment is especially critical when the motor is operated at high speeds. Machinery alignment tolerance tables impact engineering. The book is reference material on rotating machinery basics, pump overhaul, mechanical seals, basic vibration, and shaft alignment. Shaft misalignment is the deviation of relative shaft position from a colinear. This alignment technique uses a laser mounted in the region of the propeller and projects a laser reference beam forward.
Most often acceptable machine tolerances are provided by the manufacturer of the machine, but general industry standards for alignment tolerances are also available. The ideal shimming solution for the motor flange is one where half of the corrections are positive and half of. The smiling or sad faces indicate whether the displayed alignment condition fell within tolerances or not, for the rpm involved. Straightness and flatness tolerances for ranges of nominal lengths l. Before installing the drive however, always verify that the motor meets the standard shaft. General principles, methods, practices, and tolerances. All mating surfaces, bores and faces must be clean and free from grease, oil, dirt, nicks and other contaminates to insure a proper fit and function of mating parts. A tolerance guide similar to the forces you feel when is shown on page 16 that. They should be used only if no other tolerances are prescribed by existing inhouse standards.
Tolerance table offers guidelines how accurate should alignment be. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. When its centered, the shaft droop will have been eliminated. The ins and outs of engine and shaft alignment part i. Proper alignment of rotating equipment has a long been recognized as a prerequisite to safe, reliable operation. The 1day shaft alignment training presentation covers the entire process of machine alignment from pre alignment checks through to providing shaft alignment tolerances. The major topics in this tutorial will discuss the basic roughing in techniques for your initial alignment of machinery. Alignment tolerances no industry standard on alignment exists. The bse shaft separation dimension should be measured from the end of one shaft to the end of the other shaft, not to hub faces or pilots. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment using a straight edge or feeler gauges. Suggested alignment tolerances can be determined in several ways. Basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin n1achincrv. Terminations shaft diameter up to 28 mm are made with tolerance j6, shaft diameters from 28 to 50 with the k6 and higher shafts diameters are made. If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaft alignment techniques and acceptable alignment tolerances, you might be on the way to becoming more reliabilityfocused.
The suggested tolerances shown on the following pages are general values based upon over 20 years of shaft alignment experience at. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and. This system features optional wireless communication, as well as a cardan shaft alignment mode that allows the user to focus only on the angularity that exists between the driver and driven shafts. Shaft alignment tolerances spacer couplings6, 7 angularity angles a and b, or projected offset offset a, offset b.
Hole alignment tolerance stacking issues fritz scholz mathematics and computing technology boeing phantom works february 24, 1999 abstract each of two parts has k coordination holes with the intent that each hole on one part is paired and to be pinned with a corresponding hole on the other part. The shaft and housing fit tables have been updated to include stainless steel bearings and reflect slightly different fit recommendations based on bearing sie and style these changes are the result of s profound noledge of our products and vast experience ith m and end user customers. Vibraligns recommended shaft alignment tolerances are based on acceptable tolerances used by industry and should be used in place of coupling tolerances when no alignment tolerance is specified by a companys engineering or reliability department. Standard industry norms for alignment tolerances are cited in table 1.
Introduction the proper alignment of a vertical shaft hydrounit is critical to trouble free operation. Tmea2skf laser shaft alignment alignment performed by. The nature of inboard drive systems it is a common belief that engines and shaft couplings have to be aligned to tolerances of a few thousandths. Pdf basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin. The shaft should not extend beyond the flange face. Our alignment software is used for preparing, analyzing, archiving measurement files and printing professional reports. Industry standards for alignment tolerances should only be used if no other tolerances are. The fixturlaser xas and gos allow you the option to. In practice, proper alignment is difficult to achieve without using alignment equipment. Since rigid flanged couplings have no tolerance for misalignment, they should be aligned as. Propeller shaft alignment forward alignment approach. Rigid couplings have no tolerance for misalignment. It should be recognized that shaft runout and coupling surface runout do not affect shaft centerline alignment when both shafts are turned when making alignment measurements.
The skf tksa 11 is an innovative shaft alignment tool that uses smartphones and tablets and intuitively guides the user through the shaft alignment process. For example, the only correct way to express shaft alignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this. Introduction the main propulsion shaft line is the essential part of a modern ship propulsion system, exposed to various conditions throughout the ships lifetime. Compliance with these tolerances does not however guarantee vibration free operation. Now the shaft alignment measurement procedure can begin. The primary reasons why machinery is misaligned is lack of proper training, improper tools to do the job, and that people are not given enough time to do it right.
The suggested tolerances shown below are general values based upon over fifteen years of shaft alignment. Recommendations for checking rotating machinery installation. Written by stan riddle, brad case and patrick lawrence from vibralign and originally published in the june 1. Please draw circularity and perpendicularity symbol blocks with geometric tolerance of 0. This standard is the application of alignment concepts concerning relative positions of rotating shafts connected by mechanical means. Basic shaft alignment workbook preface w elcome to the introductory book on. Check flange bores and shaft diameters for proper fit. Hydroelectric turbinegenerator units guide for erection tolerances and shaft system alignment. Keep track of machinery status with vibration level check. Hello members i would like to have clarification with regards to shaft alignment tolerances mentioned in api 686 second edition dec 2009 clause 5.
This laser reference beam passes through the strut tube or cutlass bearing, the stern tube, support bearings, if any, and to the engine or reduction gearbox. The subject of shaft alignment tolerances has been touched on before but a couple interesting discussions have taken place recently during training classes. Dual psd, dual laser beams and dual inclinometers for superior control and accuracy. Angular misalignment occurs when the centrelines of the motor shaft and the pump shaft. The eight powerpoint presentation modules in the shaft alignment course are. Pdf reports can be generated and directly saved from the system onto a usb stick. Here the laser has been positioned in the aftmost shaft bearing, and aimed at the transmission output coupling. The main purpose of shaft alignment is to make sure that the center line of the motor rotor shaft coincides with the center line of the driven machinery i. Unlike bearings, there are no published standards for alignment tolerances. You will be introduced to the five primary alignment measurement methods. How shaft alignment tolerances must be expressed the only correct way to express shaft alignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this.
It is incorrect to describe them in terms of correction values at the machine feet, and we will examine why. A misaligned unit cannot only cause the premature failure of bearings, but through excessive vibration, cause wear and stress on other machine components as well. Compliments of pruftechnik, db maximum allowable offset for each 100 mm or inch of spacer shaft length. Link to an article discussing how to choose which tolerances to align to.
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